Greatest Modern Paintings
Finest Pictures By Modern Painters of the 19th Century.
MAIN A-Z INDEX

Greatest Modern Paintings (1800-1900)

Poppy Field, Argenteuil (1873)
Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
Painted by Claude Monet, a leading
figure in French Impressionism, the
most famous of all 19th century
movements of modern art.

Contents

• Greatest Modern Paintings (1800-1900)

• Greatest 20th Century Paintings (1900-2000)

NOTE: For earlier works, please see:

Greatest Paintings by Old Masters (800-1800)

Paintings Listed Chronologically under Artist's Name

A - B - C - D - E-F - G - H - I-J - K - L - M - N-O - P - Q-R - S - T - U-V - W-Z

Introduction

Our list features over 200 of the greatest examples of fine art painting, produced during the nineteenth century, including works in oils, tempera, watercolours and acrylics, by the world's most famous painters. Chosen by our Editor, it illustrates all the major art movements of the period, including Romanticism, the Pre-Raphaelites, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and Symbolism. Hopefully it will serve as a foundation for further study into the world of fine art. For an interpretation of modern works, see: Analysis of Modern Paintings (1800-2000).

Greatest Modern Paintings (1800-1900)

Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836-1912)
Virtuoso Victorian painter noted for erotic fantasy paintings of Antiquity.
• The Tepidarium (1881) oil on panel, Lady Lever Art Gallery, UK.

Jules Bastien-Lepage (1848-84)
French painter best-known for his sentimental genre painting of rural life.
• Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt (1879) Minneapolis Institute of Arts.
• L'Amour au Village (Rural Love) (1882) Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.

Frederic Bazille (1841-70)
Short-lived member of the French Impressionist group of painters.
• Family Reunion (1867) Musee d'Orsay.
• Bazille's Studio (The Artist's Studio) (1870) Musee d'Orsay.

Aubrey Beardsley (1872-98)
English graphic artist, best-known for his Art Nouveau illustration and his involvement in the Aestheticism movement. His best works include:
• Illustrations for "Le Morte d'Arthur" (1893) by Thomas Malory
• Illustrations for "Salome" (1894) by Oscar Wild.

Emile Bernard (1868-1941)
Co-founder of "cloisonnism" along with Gauguin and Louis Anquetin at Pont-Aven.
• Buckwheat Harvesters at Pont-Aven (1888) Josefowitz Collection.

George Caleb Bingham (1811-79)
American frontier painter, worked mainly in Missouri.
• Fur Traders Descending the Missouri (1845) Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Arnold Bocklin (1827-1901)
Leading Swiss symbolist painter of 19th century, along with Ferdinand Hodler.
• Island of the Dead (1880) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
• Centaurs' Combat (1873) Kunstmuseum, Basel.

Eugene Boudin (1824-98)
Impressionist painter who opened Claude Monet's eyes to nature and plein-air painting.
• On the Beach, Trouville (1863) Musee d'Orsay.

Ford Madox Brown (1821-93)
English Romantic painter, part of Pre-Raphaelite circle.
• The Last of England (1852-5) City Art Gallery, Birmingham.
• Work (1852-65) Manchester Art Gallery.

Edward Burne-Jones (1833-98)
Outstanding Victorian Pre-Raphaelite painter.
• The Beguiling of Merlin (1874) Lady Lever Art Gallery.
• The Golden Stairs (1876-80) Tate Britain.

Gustave Caillebotte (1848-94)
French Impressionist painter and art collector.
• The Floor Scrapers (Les Raboteurs de Parquet) (1875) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Paris Street: A Rainy Day (1877) The Art Institute of Chicago.

Mary Cassatt (1845-1926)
Leading American Impressionist painter.
• Young Woman Sewing (1886) Musee d'Orsay.

Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)
Highly influential Post-Impressionist; the 'geometric shapes' of his landscapes anticipated Cubism; he was also one of the best still life painters of the 19th century.
• The House of the Hanged Man (1873) Musee d'Orsay.
• The Bridge at Maincy (1879) Musee d'Orsay.
• Mont Sainte-Victoire Paintings (1882-1906) Various art museums.
• Man Smoking a Pipe (1890-2) Hermitage, St Petersburg.
• Woman with a Coffee Pot (1890-5) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• The Card Players (1892-96) Musee d'Orsay; and elsewhere.
• Still Life with Plastic Cupid (1895) Courtauld Institute Galleries.
• The Boy in the Red Vest (1894-5) EG Buhrle Collection, Zurich; and elsewhere.
• The Large Bathers (1894-1906) National Gallery, London.
• Lac d'Annecy (1896) Courtauld Institute Galleries.
• Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (1899) Musee des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris.
• Lady in Blue (1900) Hermitage, St Petersburg.
• Young Italian Woman Leaning on her Elbow (1900) J.Paul Getty Museum.
See also: Post-Impressionist Painting (1880-1895).

William Merritt Chase (1849-1916)
One of the earliest converts to American Impressionism.
• Portrait of a Woman (1885) Private Collection.

Frederic Edwin Church (1826-1900)
American landscape painter, pupil of Thomas Cole, and member of Hudson River School.
• Cotopaxi (1862) Detroit Institute of Arts.

Thomas Cole (1801-48)
Founder of Hudson River School; one of the best landscape artists of early 19th century.
• American Lake Scene (1844) Detroit Institute of Arts.

Charles Conder (1868-1909)
British-born painter; a leading figure in Australian Impressionism of the late 19th century.
• Herrick's Blossoms (1888) National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.
• An Early Taste for Literature (1888) Ballarat Fine Art Gallery.
• Going Home (1889) National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.

John Constable (1776-1837)
With Turner, Constable dominated English landscape painting of the nineteenth century.
• Boatbuilding Near Flatford Mill (1815) Victoria & Albert Museum, London.
• The Hay Wain (1821) National Gallery, London.

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796-1875)
Best-loved for his Romantic landscape painting; one of the world's most popular artists.
• Souvenir of Mortefontaine (1864) Louvre, Paris.
• Ville d'Avray (c.1867) Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York.
• Woman with a Pearl (c.1870) Louvre, Paris.

John Sell Cotman (1782-1842)
Founded Norwich School of English landscape painting, with John Crome.
• Chirk Aqueduct (1804) watercolour, Victoria & Albert Museum, London.

Gustave Courbet (1819-77)
Influential 19th century artist, founder of Realist Painting in France.
• Self-Portrait (Man with a pipe) (1849) Musee Fabre, Montpellier.
• A Burial at Ornans (1850) Musee d'Orsay.
• The Stone Breakers (Les Casseurs de pierres) (1849–50) (Destroyed in WWII)
• The Artist's Studio: A Real Allegory (1855) Musee d'Orsay.
See also: the Realism movement.

Henri-Edmond Cross (1856-1910)
Greatly underrated French Neo-Impressionist artist; specialist in Pointillism.
• The Iles d'Or (The Iles d'Hyeres) (c.1892) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• The Evening Air (c.1893) Musee d'Orsay.
• In the Shade (1902) Private Collection.

Further Resources
• Art Evaluation: How to Appreciate Art
• How to Appreciate Paintings

Honore Daumier (1808-79)
Graphic artist, painter, printmaker, noted also for caricature art and political cartoons.
• The Third Class Carriage (1863-4) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
• The Washerwoman (1864) Louvre, Paris.
• Don Quixote (1868) Neue Pinakothek, Munich.

Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
One of the best genre painters of the 19th century; noted in particular for his ballet scenes.
• The Bellelli Family (1858-67)
• Race Horses in front of the Stands (1866-8)
• The Ballet Class (1871-4) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Absinthe (1876) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Portraits at the Bourse (1878-9) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Women Ironing (1884)
• Woman Combing Her Hair (1887-90)
• Blue Dancers (1899) pastel drawing on paper, Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow.

Eugene Delacroix (1798-63)
Painter, draughtsman, leader of Romanticism art movement. See: French Painting.
• Death of Sardanapalus (1827) Louvre, Paris.
• Liberty Leading the People (1830) Louvre, Paris.
• The Women of Algiers in their Apartment (1834) Louvre Museum, Paris.

Vittore Grubicy De Dragon (1851-1920)
A leading contributor to Italian Divisionism, noted for his landscape painting.
• Sea of Mist (Mare di nebbia) (1885) Private Collection.

E-F

Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)
The greatest 19th century American painter, best known for his portrait art of society figures.
• Max Schmitt in a Single Scull (1871) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
• The Gross Clinic (1875) University of Pennsylvania.

James Ensor (1860-1949)
Belgian painter, leading figure in the Symbolism movement.
• Christ's Entry into Brussels (1888) Getty Museum, Los Angeles.

Mariano Fortuny y Carbo (1838-74)
The greatest Catalan painter of the 19th century, active mainly in Italy.
• La Vicaria (The Spanish Wedding) (1870) Museum of Modern Art, Barcelona.

Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840)
The leader of German Romanticism; noted for his portrayal of man in nature.
• Winter Landscape (1811) National Gallery, London.
• The Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog (1818) Kunsthalle, Hamburg.
• Chalk Cliffs on Rugen (1818) Museum Oskar Reinhart, Switzerland.
• The Sea of Ice (1823–24) Kunsthalle Hamburg.
• Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon (1830-5) Nationalgalerie, Berlin.

William Frith (1819-1909)
Hugely popular Victorian subject painter; favourite of Queen Victoria.
• Derby Day (1858) Tate Collection.
• The Railway Station (1862) Royal Holloway College, University of London.

Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
Post-Impressionist famous for his Synthetism and the vivid colour of his Tahitian paintings.
• The Vision after the Sermon, (1888) National Gallery of Scotland.
• Brooding Woman (1891) Worcester Art Museum, MA.
• Where Do We Come From, What Are We? Where Are We Going? (1897) MFA, Boston.
• Nevermore (1897) Courtauld Institute Galleries, London.
• Girl With A Fan (1902) Folkwang Museum, Essen.
See also: History of Expressionist Painting (1880-1930)

Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)
French painter, lithographer, early leader of French Romanticism. Also noted for his 19th Century portrait paintings, of subjects in a French asylum.
• Raft of the Medusa (1819) Louvre, Paris.
• Portrait of a Kleptomaniac (1820) Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent.

Jean-Leon Gerome (1824-1904)
Popular French academic painter noted for his orientalist painting and populist pictures.
• Prayer in the Mosque (1871) Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.
• Pollice Verso (1872) Phoenix Art Museum.
• L'Eminence Grise (1873) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
Dutch genius, noted for his biographical Expressionist paintings and self portraits.
• Sunflowers (1888) National Gallery, London.
• Cafe Terrace at Night, Arles (1888) Yale University Art Gallery.
• Starry Night (1889) Museum of Modern Art, New York.
• Wheat Field with Crows (1890) Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam.
See also: Greatest Expressionist Paintings (from 1880).

Francisco Goya (1746-1828)
Highly original and influential Spanish painter and printmaker.
• Caprices series (etchings, 1799)
• Naked Maja (Maja des Nuda) (1800) oil on canvas, Prado Museum, Madrid.
• Portrait of Charles IV and His Family (1800) Prado.
• The Colossus (1810) oil on canvas, Prado.
• Disasters of War series (aquatints, 1812-15)
• The Third of May 1808 (1814) oil on canvas, Prado.
• Black Paintings series (14 mural paintings, 1820-23)
• Saturn Devouring his Son (1823) oil on canvas, Prado.

Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835)
French Romantic Neoclassical painter.
• Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa (1804) Louvre, Paris.

James Guthrie (1859-1930)
Scottish naturalist painter, member of the Glasgow School of painting.
• A Hind's Daughter (1883) National Gallery of Scotland.

Vilhelm Hammershoi (1864-1916)
Danish post-Impressionist painter noted for his quiet interiors in muted colours.
• Interior with a Girl at the Clavier (1901) Private Collection.

Heinrich Hansen (1821-90)
Romantic painter of the Danish Golden Age.
• Interior of the Rosenborg Palace (1870-80) Private Collection.

Childe Hassam (1859-1935)
One of the earliest Impressionist painters in America.
• Church Procession, Spanish Steps (1883) Private Collection.
• Boston Common at Twilight (1886) Museum of fine arts, Boston.
• Paris Street Scene (1887) Private Collection.
• Fifth Avenue in Winter (1901) Carnegie Musum of Art.
• Allies Day, May 1917 (1917) National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.

Nathaniel Hill (1861-1934)
Irish artist best-known for his open air genre and landscape paintings.
• Sunshine, Brittany (1884) Private Collection.

Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858)
One of Japan's best landscape artists of the 19th century.
• Hodogaya: 4th Station of The 53 Stations (Tokaido Series) (1834) Tokyo National Museum.

Hokusai (1760-1849)
Arguably the greatest Japanese Ukiyo-e painter and printmaker
• The Great Wave off the Coast of Kanagawa (1830-2) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
American artist, famous for his realist genre works and sea-paintings.
• Snap the Whip (1872) Butler Institute of American Art, Ohio.
• The Gulf Stream (1899) Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.

William Holman Hunt (1827-1910)
Founder of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
• The Awakening Conscience (1853) Tate Gallery, London.

I-J

Peter Vilhelm Ilsted (1861-1933)
Danish artist noted for his tranquil interiors; influenced by Dutch Realists.
• Interior (1896) Musee d'Orsay.

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867)
Influential classical painter noted for his polished academic painting.
• The Valpincon Bather (1808) Louvre.
• La Grand Odalisque (1814) Louvre.
• Portrait of Monsieur Bertin (1832) Louvre.
• Portrait of Madame Moitessier (1844-65) National Gallery, London.
• The Turkish Bath (1863) Louvre.

George Inness (1825-1894)
American tonalist painter, a leading exponent of luminism, noted for his handling of outdoor light.
• Autumn Gold (1890) Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut.
• In the Gloaming (1893) Private Collection.

Max Klinger (1857-1920)
German realist painter associated with Symbolism movement.
• The Death of Caesar (c.1890) Museum of Fine Arts, Leipzig.

Fernand Khnopff (1858-1921)
Belgian symbolist painter, Romantic idealist artist.
• I Lock My Door Upon Myself (1891) Neue Pinakothek, Munich.

Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887)
Russian painter and art critic, noted for his still life painting as well as his portraiture.
• Portrait of a Young Woman (1882) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
• Bouquet of Flowers (1884) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

P.S. Kroyer (1851-1900)
Norwegian painter, fascinated by effects of light; leader of Skagen artist group.
• Summer Evening on the Southern Beach (1893) Skagens Museum, Skagen.

Edwin Landseer (1802-73)
Hugely popular Victorian animal painter, best-loved for his sentimental portraits.
• The Old Shepherd's Chief Mourner (1837) Victoria and Albert Museum.
• Dignity and Impudence (1839) Tate Britain.

John Lavery (1856-1941)
Anglo-Irish Impressionist noted for his outdoor genre scenes and portraiture. For more about Irish artists of this period, see: Irish artists, 19th Century.
• The Bridge at Grez (1883) Private Collection.
• Hotel Chevillon (1883) Private Collection.
• On the Road to Fontainebleau (1884) Private Collection.
• On the Loing (1884) Private Collection.
• Return from Market (1884–87) Private Collection.
• The Tennis Party (1885) Aberdeen Art Gallery.

Frederic Leighton (1830-1896)
Eminent English painter, sculptor and illustrator.
• The Reconciliation of the Montagues and Capulets (1854) Yale Center for British Art.
• The Bath of Psyche (1890) Tate Britain.
See also: Best English Painters.

Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (1816-68)
German-born American artist, noted for his portraits and landscapes.
• Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851) Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Isaac Levitan (1860-1900)
Russian artist renowned for his landscape painting, especially his mastery of light and colour.
• Secluded Monastery (1890) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
• Road to Vladimirka (1892) Tretyakov Gallery.
• By the Whirlpool (1892) Tretyakov Gallery.

Max Liebermann (1847-1935)
The leading exponent of Impressionism in Germany. See: German Art in the 19th Century.
• A Country Brasserie, Brannenburg, Bavaria (1894) Musee d'Orsay.
• The Parrot Man (1902) Folkwang Museum, Essen.
See also: Berlin Secession (1898).

Daniel Maclise (1806-1870)
Irish history painter best-known for these mural paintings in the Palace of Westminster.
• The Meeting of Wellington and Blucher (c.1858-65)
• The Death of Nelson (c.1861-65)

Edouard Manet (1832-83)
Father of "Modern Art", revered by Monet and the Impressionists.
• Le Dejeuner sur L'Herbe (1863) Musee d'Orsay. Caused uproar at the Salon des Refusés (1863)
• Olympia (1863) Musee d'Orsay.
• Execution of the Emperor Maximilian (1867) Museum of Art, Mannheim.
• The Balcony (1868) Musee d'Orsay.
• Portrait of Emile Zola (1868) Musee d'Orsay.
• Portrait of Berthe Morisot (1872) Musee d'Orsay.
• Roadmenders in the Rue de Berne (1878) Musee d'Orsay.
• A Bar at the Folies-Bergere (1882) Courtauld Gallery, London.

John Martin (1789-1854)
Romantic illustrator and mezzotint engraver noted for historical landscape painting.
• The Great Day of His Wrath (1853) Tate Collection London.

Fred McCubbin
Leading member of the Heidelberg School of Australian Impressionism.
• Lost (1886) National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
• The Pioneer (1904) National Gallery of Victoria.

Ernest Meissonier (1815-91)
French academic painter famous for his small scale military paintings and genre works.
• Napoleon Returning from Soissons after the Battle of Laon: 1814 (1864) Musee d'Orsay.

Adolph Menzel (1815-1905)
Pioneer German Impressionist and historical painter.
• Living Room with the Artist's Sister (1847) Neue Pinakothek, Munich.

John Everett Millais (1829-96)
Leading figure during the era of Victorian art, noted for his painting and book illustration.
• Ophelia (1852) Tate Collection, London.
• Autumn Leaves (1856) City of Manchester Art Gallery.

Jean-Francois Millet (1814-75)
Devout realist painter of peasants at work; member of the Barbizon School of landscape painting.
• The Sower (1850) Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
• The Gleaners (1857) Musee d'Orsay.
• The Angelus (1859) Musee d'Orsay.
• Man with a Hoe (1862) Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
See also: Realism to Impressionism (c.1830-1900).

Claude Monet (1840-1926)
Foremost exponent of French Impressionism, notably spontaneous outdoor painting.
• Women in the Garden (1866-7) Musee d'Orsay.
• La Grenouillere (1869) Metropolitan Museum, NY.
• The Beach at Trouville (1870) Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford CT.
• Impression, Sunrise (1873) Musee Marmottan Monet, Paris.
• Poppy Field (Argenteuil) (Wild Poppies) (1873) Musee d'Orsay.
• Gare St Lazare (1877) Musee d'Orsay.
• Rouen Cathedral paintings (1892-4) Various art museums.
• Water Lilies (Nymphéas) (1897-1926) Various art museums.
• The Water Lily Pond: Green Harmony (1899) Musee d'Orsay.
See also Characteristics of Impressionism (c.1870-1930).

Gustave Moreau (1826-98)
Influential French symbolist painter and teacher, noted for expressive mythological works. Now regarded as one of the best history painters of the 19th century (istoria/narrative).
• The Sphinx (1864) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
• Orpheus (1865) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• The Chimera (1867) Private Collection.
• The Apparition (1876) Fogg Art Museum.

Bertha Morisot (1841-95)
Leading female Impressionist painter, great grand-daughter of Jean-Honore Fragonard.
• The Cradle (1872) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.

Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
Greatest Norwegian painter, pioneer of Expressionism, noted for his morbid pictures.
• The Scream (1893) oil, tempera & pastel, National Gallery, Oslo.
• The Madonna (1894) Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo.

N-O

Frank O'Meara (1853-88)
Irish tonalist painter famous for his lyrical depiction of light.
• Reverie (1882) Private Collection.

Walter Osborne (1859-1903)
Irish Impressionist best-known for his outdoor genre scenes.
• Apple Gathering, Quimperle Brittany (1884) National Gallery of Ireland.
• A Scene in Phoenix Park (1895) National Gallery of Ireland.

Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
Responsible for some of the best Impressionist landscape painting, and the only participant in all 8 Impressionist exhibitions; introduced Cezanne to plein air painting.
• Foxhill, Upper Norwood (1870) National Gallery, London.
• Lower Norwood under Snow (1870) National Gallery, London.
• The Red Roofs (1877) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Vegetable Garden with Trees in Blossom, Spring, Pontoise (1877) Musee d'Orsay.
• The Vegetable Garden (1879) Hermitage, St Petersburg.
• Boulevard Montmartre paintings (1897-8) Various art museums.

Vasily Polenov (1844-1927)
Russian landscape and religious painter.
• Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (1887) Russian Museum, Petersburg. Surely one of the greatest religious paintings of the modern Russian school.

Sarah Purser (1848-1943)
Impressionist-style Irish portraitist and stained glass artist.
Le Petit Dejeuner (1881) National Gallery of Ireland. One of the greatest genre paintings by an Irish artist.

Q-R

Odilon Redon (1840-1916)
French painter & printmaker, leader member of Symbolist art movement.
• Cyclops (c.1898) oil painting on panel, Rijksmuseum, Kroller-Muller, Otterlo.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
One of the most important Impressionist painters noted for landscapes as well as portraiture and figure paintings.
• Young Boy with a Cat (1868) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• The Box at the Opera (La Loge) (1874) Courtauld Institute, London.
• Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• The Swing (1876) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Path Leading Through Tall Grass (1877) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Portrait of Madame Charpentier and her Children (1879) Metropolitan Museum.
• Luncheon of the Boating Party (1880-1) Phillips Collection, Washington DC.

Ilya Repin (1844-1930)
Most famous late-19th century Russian painter; teacher at St Petersburg Academy.
• Bargemen on the Volga (1870-73) Russian Museum, St.Petersburg.
• Religious Procession in Kursk Gubernia (1883) Tretyakov Gallery.
• Ivan the Terrible and his Son (1885) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Tom Roberts
Leading figure in the Australian Impressionism movement around Melbourne.
• Allegro Con Brio, Bourke St West (c.1885–86) National Gallery of Australia.
• Slumbering Sea, Mentone (1887) National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.
• An Autumn Morning, Milson's Point (1888) Art Gallery of NSW.
• Woman at the Piano (1889) Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide.
• A break away! (1891) Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide.

Theodore Robinson (1852-96)
A friend of Monet whom he visited at Giverny, he was an early US Impressionist.
• By the River (1887) Private Collection.
• La Vachere (c.1888) Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-82)
British painter, member of Pre-Raphaelites. See: English Figurative Painting (1700-1900).
• Beata Beatrix (1864-70) Tate Gallery.
• Proserpine (1882) Birmingham Museum of Art.

John Singer Sargent (1856-1925)
One of the best portrait artists of the modern era. Noted for his supreme painterly technique.
• The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (1882) Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
• El Jaleo (1882) Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston.
• Portrait of Madame X (1884) Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Konstantin Savitsky (1844-1905)
Russian genre painter who specialized in group scenes of workers and peasants.
• Repairing the Railway (1874) Tretyakov Gallery.

Valentin Serov (1865-1911)
One of the best portrait artists in Russia; also noted for his landscape paintings.
• Girl with Peaches (1887) Tretyakov Gallery.
• Portrait of Olga Serova (1890) Russian Museum, St Petersburg.
• Portrait of Isaac Levitan (1893) Tretyakov. Among the best Impressionist portraits ever.
• Colts at a Watering Place, Domotkanovo (1904) Tretyakov Gallery.

Paul Serusier (1864-1927)
French symbolist painter, follower of Gauguin, founder of Les Nabis.
• Landscape: Bois d'Amour (The Talisman) (1888) Musee d'Orsay.

Georges Seurat (1859-1891)
French painter, pioneer of Neo-Impressionism.
• Bathers at Asnieres (1883-4) National Gallery, London.
• A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-6) Art Institute of Chicago.

Ivan Shishkin (1832-98)
Russian landscape artist, arguably the greatest ever painter of forest scenery.
• Oak Grove (1887) Museum of Russian Art, Kiev.

Paul Signac (1863-1935)
French Neo-Impressionist painter and expert in Divisionism colour theory.
• The Papal Palace, Avignon (1900) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Grand Canal, Venice (1905) Toledo Museum of Art.

Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
Anglo-French artist responsible for some of the best Impressionist landscape painting.
• Canal St Martin (1870) Musee d'Orsay.
• Misty Morning (1874) Musee d'Orsay. One of the most atmospheric Impressionist paintings.
• Vegetable Garden with Trees in Blossom, Spring, Pontoise (1877) Musee d'Orsay.
• Snow at Louveciennes (1878) Musee d'Orsay, Paris.
• Moret Bridge in the Sun (1892) Private Collection.

Carl Spitzweg (1808-85)
Leading exponent of Biedermeier painting in Germany.
• The Poor Poet (1837) Neue Pinakothek, Munich.

Arthur Streeton
Arguably the greatest Australian Impressionist.
• Still Glides the Stream (1890) Art Gallery of New South Wales.
• Spring (1890) National Gallery of Victoria.
• The Railway Station, Redfern (1893) Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney.
• The Purple Noon's Transparent Might (1896) National Gallery of Victoria.

Vasily Surikov (1848-1916)
Siberian history painter, portraitist.
• The Morning of the Execution of the Streltsy (1881) Tretyakov Gallery.

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)
Disabled French aristocrat painter, famous for Parisian night club scenes.
• At the Moulin Rouge (1892) Art Institute of Chicago.
• Portrait of Yvette Guilbert (1894), Musee d'Orsay.

JMW Turner (1775-1851)
Sublime English landscape painter; pioneer of Expressionism; master of watercolour painting.
• Hannibal Crossing the Alps (1812) Tate Collection.
• The Grand Canal, Venice (1835) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
• Burning of the House of Lords and Commons (1835) Philadelphia Museum of Art.
• Interior at Petworth (1837) Tate Collection.
• The Fighting Temeraire (1839) National Gallery, London.
• Snow Storm: Steamboat off a Harbour's Mouth (1842) Tate Collection.

John Henry Twachtman (1853-1902)
American Impressionist landscape painter, influenced by Whistler and Japanese art.
• An Early Winter (1882) Private Collection.

U-V

Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910)
Russian symbolist painter, expressionist artist. See also: Russian Painting: 19th-Century.
• The Seated Demon (1890) Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
• Girl against a Persian Carpet (1886) Museum of Russian Art, Moscow.

Edouard Vuillard (1868-1940)
French painter, lithographer, pioneer of Intimisme School of Post-Impressionism.
• In a Room (1899) Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg.
• Model with a Big Hat (1890) Private Collection.
• In the Garden (1894-5) Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow.
• Woman Sewing Before a Garden (1895) Museum of Fine Arts Boston.

W-Z

John William Waterhouse (1849-1917)
English Romantic artist, influenced by Pre-Raphaelites.
• Lady of Shalott (1888) Tate Collection, London.
• Destiny (1900) Towneley Hall Art Gallery and Museum, Burnley.

J. Alden Weir (1852-1919)
American Impressionist painter.
• The Red Bridge (1895) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903)
American painter, one of the greatest etchers, noted for unique tonal paintings.
• Nocturne: Blue & Silver, Chelsea (1871) Tate Collection, London.
• Arrangement in Grey & Black: The Artist's Mother (1871) Musee d'Orsay.
• Nocturne in Black & Gold: The Falling Rocket (1875) Detroit Institute of Arts.
• Symphony in White: No 1: The White Girl (undated) NGA, Washington DC.

David Wilkie (1785-1841)
Leading Scottish genre painter of the 19th century.
• The Blind Fiddler (1806) Tate Gallery, London.
• Distraining for Rent (1815) Scottish National Gallery.

Anders Zorn (1860-1920)
Swedish society painter, noted for his female nudes, genre scenes and portraits.
• Girls from Dalarna Having a Bath (1908) Stockholm National Museum.

Note: For details of the world's costliest paintings, complete with auction details, see: Top 10 Most Expensive Paintings Ever.

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