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Cubists
Reacting against the "prettifying nature" of Impressionism,
these visual artists focused on intellectual issues concerning the two-dimensional
picture-plane.
Georges
Braque (1882-1963)
Co-inventor of Analytical and Synthetic Cubism.
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Co-founder of Cubism; greatest sculptor/painter of the 20th century.
Juan Gris (1887-1927)
Spanish painter, leading Cubist theorist.
Fernand Leger (1881-1955)
Fourth Cubist painter, muralist, stained glass and textile artist.
Robert Delaunay
(1885-1941)
Abstract artist, founder of Orphism (Orphic Cubism) or Simultanism.
Marcel Duchamp
(1887-1968)
Cubist painter, Dadaist sculptor ("readymades"), pioneer
conceptual artist.
Realism School
(20th Century)
Edward
Hopper (1882-1967)
American artist, noted for his narrative urban genre-paintings.
Grant Wood (1892-1942)
Iowa regionalist painter, noted for his masterpiece American Gothic.
Norman Rockwell
(1894-1978)
America's great populist illustrator, noted for his nostalgic subject
paintings.
Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009)
One of America's top artists in the realism style, noted for Christina's
World.
Lucian Freud (b.1922)
British artist noted for his banal masterpieces of figurative art.
Metaphysical
Painters
Giorgio
De Chirico (1888-1978)
Italian artist, co-founder (with Carlo Carra) of Pittura Metafisica.
Giorgio Morandi
(1890-1964)
Outstanding still life artist in the minimalist tradition.
Surrealists
These visual artists, many of whom had been members of Dada, aimed
to generate an entirely new set of imagery by liberating the creative
power of the unconscious mind.
Max
Ernst (1891-1976)
Multi-media collage artist, painter, sculptor, inventor of frottage.
Joan Miro (1893-1983)
Spanish painter: ceramicist, etcher, lithographer, mosaicist, glass artist.
Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
Belgian classical artist, Surrealist painter.
Salvador Dali (1904-89)
Most famous member of Surrealism movement of the 1930s.
Abstract
Artists
These visual artists exemplify geometric abstraction. Unfortunately,
instead of discovering new pathways, most of these purists ended up repeating
motifs.
Piet
Mondrian (1872-1944)
Member of De Stijl design group, noted for geometric minimalist paintings.
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Bauhaus instructor, best known for Homage to the Square paintings.
Bridget Riley (b.1931)
Leader of British Op-Art movement, a form of geometric abstract painting.
Sean Scully (b.1945)
Irish-American artist renowned for his monumental geometric shapes.
Modern
Sculptors
These visual artists discovered new rules of line and depth, new
shapes, new materials and new ways of interacting with space.
Aristide
Maillol (1861-1944)
Best known for his large-scale female nude sculpture, The Mediterranean.
Ernst Barlach (1870-1938)
German Expressionist wood carver, ceramic and stone sculptor.
James Earle Fraser
(1876-1953)
Classical realist American sculptor noted for The End of the Trail
(1915)
Constantin Brancusi
(1876-1957)
Romanian artist, arguably the first sculptor of the modern era.
Anna Hyatt Huntington
(1876-1973)
American realist sculptor best known for her equestrian/animal statues.
Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916)
Italian Futurist sculptor, noted for Unique Forms of Continuity in
Space.
Jean Arp (1886-1966)
Dada artist, abstract sculptor, married to Sophie Taeuber-Arp.
Ossip Zadkine (1890-1967)
Russian artist best known for his bronze sculpture Destroyed City.
Naum Gabo (1890-1977)
Born Naum Borisovich Pevzner, best known for his Constructivism/kinetic
art.
Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973)
Lithuanian-born Russian-Jewish Cubist sculptor.
Alexander Calder (1898-1976)
Inventor of kinetic sculpture (mobiles and stabiles).
Henry Moore (1898-1986)
Best known for his reclining nudes & organic forms in wood, bronze
& stone.
Louise Nevelson (1899-1988)
Assemblage artist, known for her abstract "sculptured walls".
Alberto Giacometti
(1901-1966)
Known for his elongated, emaciated figurative sculptures.
Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985)
Painter/sculptor best known for his vinyl-painted polystyrene sculpture.
Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975)
Perhaps the greatest British abstract sculptor, Member of St Ives School.
David Smith (1906-1965)
Highly influential American sculptor of the post-war period.
Meret Oppenheim (1913-85)
Famous for her Surrealist sculpture, Furry Breakfast.
Abstract
Expressionists
These visual artists, divided loosely between exponents of "action-painting"
and "colour field", sought to escape the outside world and focus
on their relationship with the viewer. The first major American art movement.
Mark
Rothko (1903-70)
Co-inventor of Colour Field painting; noted for monumental colourist
paintings.
Clyfford Still
(1904-1980)
American artist, co-inventor with Rothko/Newman of Colour Field
painting.
Willem De Kooning
(1904-97)
One of the key figures in American Abstract Expressionist art.
Jackson Pollock
(1912-56)
Inventor of 'action-painting', a type of Abstract Expressionism.
Robert Motherwell
(1915-91)
Painter, collage artist, printmaker, noted for Elegy to the Spanish
Republic.
Pop Artists
These visual artists made light-hearted fun of the forms revered
and worshipped by the Consumer Society of the 1960s. Suddenly art could
be made of anything.
Roy
Lichtenstein (1923-97)
Painter in comic-strip style; noted for benday dot paintings, like Wham!
Robert Rauschenberg
(1925-2008)
Noted for his "Combines", collages, assemblages and conceptual
art.
Andy Warhol (1928-87)
Most successful Pop-Artist; noted for screenprints, popular portraits.
Claes Oldenburg (b.1929)
Swedish sculptor, noted for his Pop art images of everyday objects.
Jasper Johns (b.1930)
Highly successful American painter, sculptor, printmaker, pioneer of Pop
art.
David Hockney (b.1937)
English artist, noted for portraits, swimming-pool paintings, photo-collages.
Modernist/Contemporary
Painters
Encompassing very different styles, these visual artists exemplify
all the innovative attributes of modernism and contemporary art.
Diego
Rivera (1886-1957)
Leader of the Mexican Fresco Mural Renaissance.
Georgia O'Keeffe
(1887-1986)
American semi-abstract painter.
L.S. Lowry
(1887-1976)
English industrial landscape and genre-painter.
Frida Kahlo (1907–1954)
Mexican surrealist, symbolist painter, wife of Diego Rivera.
Balthus (Count Balthazar
Klossowski de Rola) (1908-2001)
Figurative painter, known for his erotic Lolita-type subjects.
Francis Bacon (1909-92)
Famous for grotesque pictures and surrealistic-style compositions.
Karel Appel (1921-2006)
Dutch abstract painter, member of COBRA and Tachisme art movements.
Frank Auerbach
(b.1931)
British semi-abstract neo-expressionist portraitist, known for heavy impasto.
Fernando Botero
(b.1932)
Greatest ever Columbian painter/sculptor, noted for obese figurative art.
Richard Estes (b.1932)
American painter of urban street scenes; pioneer of Superrealism.
Chuck Close (b.1940)
Leading American photorealist painter, noted for huge self-portraits.
Jack Vettriano
(b.1951)
Scottish subject-painter, noted for his poster art and genre-paintings.
Tracey Emin (b.1963)
British multimedia postmodernist artist, notorious for My Bed (1998).
Damien Hirst (b.1965)
Controversial multi-millionaire postmodernist artist, Turner Prize winner,
noted for sculpture and installations, like: A Thousand Years (1989),
The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living
(1991), and For The Love of God (2007).
Contemporary
Sculptors
These visual artists have taken the idea of plastic art to its
limits.
Louise
Bourgeois (b.1911)
Noted for her feminist sculpture & monumental 'spider' sculptures
(Maman).
Sir Anthony Caro (b.1924)
Successful British artist, known for abstract sculptures in welded metal.
Jean Tinguely (1925-1991)
Swiss experimental kinetic artist, noted for Homage to New York.
Duane Hanson (1925-96)
Famous for Superrealist sculptures of everyday American consumers.
Sol LeWitt (1928-2007)
Renowned for his minimalist, geometric sculptures.
Mark Di Suvero (b.1933)
Best known for his monumental iron/steel public sculpture.
Richard Serra (b.1939)
American minimalist noted for his process art and public steel sculptures.
Bruce Nauman (b.1941)
Multi-media artist known for his neon sculptures, video installations
and more.
John De Andrea (b.1941)
American figurative sculptor noted for his photorealist female nudes.
Antony Gormley (b.1950)
Turner Prize winner, noted for his huge sculpture Angel of the North.
Rowan Gillespie
(b.1953)
Irish classical sculptor, noted for realist bronzes.
Anish Kapoor (b.1954)
Indian-born British Turner Prize winner, noted for his monumental public
art.
Jeff Koons (b.1955)
Controversial but successful American artist; famous for his Neo-Pop artworks.
Creative
Photographers
Ansel
Adams (1902-84)
Landscape photographer, noted for his photography of Yosemite National
Park.
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